Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a welding method where similarly to other arc welding processes, the base metals are joined by forming an electric arc between the workpiece and an electrode. SAW process’s defining element is how it protects the weld metal from atmospheric contamination. Submerged arc welding uses a powdered flux layer, generating shielding and slag while creating a smooth and clean weld. Other methods use shielding gas (MIG/TIG welding), flux-cored wire (FCAW), flux-coated electr